Introduction and statement of the problem: Zare Kohan (2014) defines media literacy as the practices that allow people to access, understand, and critically evaluate media content. If appropriately implemented, media literacy can protect audiences from misinformation and deceiving content. While the influences of media spread to our daily life, vulnerability to the threats which are widespread in both online and mainstream media are also increasing (Moghaddaszadeh & Safahieh, 2018). This vulnerability is not limited to a specific age group, but children, as well as teenagers, are more vulnerable compared to middle-aged and older adults. As children and teenagers spend most of their time at school and particularly with their family members, the role of the family has a profound effect on children's ability on how to deal with media content (Livingstone, 2014). The family role in overseeing children's activities becomes more critical than when the number of three to four years old children using smartphones and tablets is increasing (Ofcom, 2017). This paper offers a systematic review of such a role, and it aims at examining the family status in media literacy research in Iran and seeks to answer the following questions. 1) to what extent, media literacy studies in Iran have focused on the family? b) what are the approaches taken from the methodological point of view? 3) what are the main practical and theoretical findings of conducted studies? 4) what are the main existing research gap/s for further study in future studies? Methodology: Here we offer a systematic review of studies on media literacy that focussed on the Iranian family's role. In order to find published articles and works related to media literacy, we the following five keywords: "media literacy, " "information literacy, " "family, " "parents, " and "Iran. " The search took place in six databases, including "CIVILICA, " "ENSANI", "NOORMAGS, " "MAGIRAN, " "IRANDOC, " and "Scientific Information Database (SID)" were searched. In addition to the online databases, we also searched through the "Google Scholar" for additional and relevant studies on media literacy. The databases were selected based on all library subscriptions of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences (IHCSs). To determine the relevancy of the studies for inclusion, we did the search based on the title, keywords, and abstracts. The first count of the obtained studies on media literacy led us to 105 publications. After reviewing all obtained studies, despite the presence of searched terms, 86 studies were excluded because they lacked relevant objectives of the study, or they did not present sufficient discussion on the subject matter. Further inspection of the documents resulted in identifying 19 articles in which some nine papers had the characteristics that we were looking for and used them for the final analysis. To ensure adherence to the admission requirements, two researchers reviewed and approved the included documents independently. Findings and discussion: This study aimed at investigating the family situation in media literacy research in Iran. The search yielded nine relevant studies in which the oldest and latest were published in 2008 and 2017, respectively. The search procedure was carried out in the summer of 2018, and the procedure was not limited to any specific time. From a methodological point of view, three out of nine studies applied documentary methods. This method, also known as library study, involves identifying and locating relevant information, analyzing what was found, and then developing discussion and conclusion. Three out of nine studies used quantitative survey methods, two out of nine applied focus groups, and semi-structured in-depth interviews, and one study used a SWOT analysis. The findings show that most of the studies have been used by documentary and survey methods to meet their goals. The main objectives of the studies were to determine whether a relationship existed between the level of education and the economic conditions of families that had media literacy. In terms of the field of researchers who carried out these studies, eight out of nine studies came from the communication filed. This indicates the family's substantial role in media literacy is well-understood among communication scholars. According to the findings of the present research, a small number of research on media literacy paid attention to the importance of the family's role. Nowadays, when new and mainstream media are penetrated in all aspects of our life, and some cases, they can be dangerous, especially for children and teenagers who do not know how to use and deal with potential threats. Given this central role, the primary responsibility to educate children and teenagers is on the family's shoulders. As the reviewed studies showed, the relationship between limited variables such as socio-economic conditions and family's income with media literacy were investigated in previous research (e. g., Ashrafirizi, Ramezani, Aghajani, & Kazempour, 2013; Shojaee & Amirpour, 2012). Hence, the challenge for further research is to learn more about how the family may educate media literacy to children. Conclusion: Based on the objective of the current study to investigate family status in media literacy research in Iran, published literature on the subject seems very limited. This indicates that the family's role has not received enough attention from researchers whose media literacy is among their interest areas. It is also worth mentioning that perhaps there could be other relevant unpublished studies that are not either open to the public or are in press. However, referring to all included papers, it shows that minimal studies focused on the family's role in media literacy research. It should also be mentioned that almost all of these minimal studies done by communication scholars. Prominent Results: Despite the prominent role of families to educate children on how to use media, it has not received enough attention on how moms and dads may play their crucial way. As the findings indicate, moms play a more significant role in teaching children how to use media; therefore, educating and increasing media awareness among moms is fundamental. Furthers studies need to focus on how ' media literacy among parents influences children's media behavior. However, this could be very useful if future studies integrate communicative and cultural factors in investigating family status in media literacy.

Introduction: Undoubtedly, information literacy plays an important role to obtain accurate and accessible on time information. The purpose of this study was to assess information literacy among urban family physicians in Mazandaran province. Methods: this study is descriptive-analytic in nature. The study population included 323 of family physicians selected by multi-cluster sampling method in the cities of mazandaran province. Data were collected via a questionnaire with Cranach’ s alpha of 0. 86. Content validity of the questionnaire was determined by researchers, health professionals and experts. data was analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis and lisrel software. Results: the results showed that model was fit with RMSEA=0. 078, CFI= 0. 91, GFI=0. 93, and AGFI=0. 94. Dimensions of information literacy p-value were: information knowledge (t=7. 07), information skills( t=7. 96), and information attitude(t=6. 36). Conclusion: The results showed that the information literacy had three dimensions: information knowledge with three indicators of computers and networks, ethical and security issues, and other forms of information, information skills with three indicators of using technology of software, technology of business, and using communication electronically, and attitude with three indicators of understanding of information technology, learning technology, and use of information technology.

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of family members’ health literacy and performance in face of myocardial infarction. Background. Myocardial infarction is one of the most important causes of death and disability in devel-oped and developing countries. Proper performance of patients' attendance in early hours of myocardial infarction event plays an important role in reducing mortality and morbidity. Health literacy is also known as one of the major determinants of understanding information about health. Method. In this descriptive-correlational study, 286 family members of patients experiencing myocardial infarction that witnessed the vent were recruited in the study by convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria of reading and writing literacy and age over 18 years old. Data were collected using a demographic form, Iranian adult health literacy questionnaire (HELIA) and the questionnaire performance during myocardial infarction. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (mean comparison, correlation and regres-sion tests). Findings. Health literacy mean score (61. 49± 21. 05) showed an adequate level. “ Assessment skills” and “ decision making and application of health information” had, respectively, the lowest (52. 68± 25. 30) and the highest (68. 07± 19. 87) mean score among health literacy dimensions. There was a statistically signifi-cant relationship of health literacy with age, education and medical profession in the family (P≤ 0. 0001). Only 17. 98 percent of the participants had a good level of performance (Scores 6. 8 to 10). The history of myocardial infarction in patient and the duration of the patient transition from the onset of pain to arrival to the hospital showed a statistically significant relationship with performance, meaning that family members of patients with a history of myocardial infarction were able to transfer their patient to the hospital in less than half an hour (P≤ 0. 0001). A statistically significant relationship was found between health literacy and performance; those with higher level of health literacy had better performance. Of the health literacy domains, only understanding had a significant relationship with performance (P=0. 004). Conclusion. Although the mean score of health literacy was adequate, the participants hadn't good perfor-mance. Therefore, improving the performance of community and family members by health service provid-ers including nurses, mass media, practitioners, and health promotion planners for educational interventions is recommended. Proper planning to increase specific health literacy can prevent adverse outcomes in this area.

The focus of this study is primarily on “the discrepancy in mentality as an important factor affecting family problems and divorce”. For this purpose, some minor studies were conducted each of which experimentally examined different aspects of mental discrepancy in Iranian families. Almost all of these studies showed that permanent disputes and divorces resulted from the differences in their world-views, thinkings, and impressions in their mutual affairs. At last, the theory of Homogamy with two major revisions were used to explain the reasons and causes of family problems and divorce which were confirmed in minor studies and cases.

Background: Health literacy is today viewed as a global issue. Health literacy is the capacity of each individual to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and health services required to make appropriate decisions. Regarding the importance of health literacy in the population covered by family physicians and the limited number of studies in this regard in Iran, this study aimed to determine the status of health literacy in the population covered by family physicians in Askarieh rural health center in 2016.Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 2016 on 260 clients who were referred to Askarieh rural health centers. A valid and reliable, 49-item, researcher-made questionnaire on health literacy was completed via interview.Data was analyzed in SPSS16 software using t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance tests. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.Results: The mean age of participants was 31.78±10.66 years, 73.5% were female, and 86.9% married. From among them, 61.5% held secondary and high school diploma degrees and 59.6% had a moderate family income. The results showed that 26.9% had adequate health literacy. Also, women enjoyed a higher health literacy than men (P=0.03) and individuals with higher levels of education had higher health literacy (P=0.008).Conclusions: A higher level of health literacy reduces the cost of treatment on the government and people. Given the importance of health literacy, it is recommended that healthcare authorities design educational interventions to improve health literacy, particularly among men and individuals with low literacy levels.

We have conducted this research with the aim of improving parents' mental health and children's financial literacy through children's intellectual participation in family finances. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this research was the secondary school students of Sama Torbat Jam in the academic year of 1401-, whose number was about 180 people. A sample of 118 students along with their parents were selected from the simple random sampling method and according to the statistical population using Morgan's table. Data collection was done by using the standard financial literacy questionnaire of Moinuddin students (2013), the researcher-made questionnaire of financial participation adapted from the single questionnaire (2014) and the general health questionnaire of Goldberg (1972), whose validity and reliability were checked and used for analysis. Data were used from structural equation modeling using Smart Pls and SPSS-22 software. The results showed that children's financial thinking and participation in family finances has a positive effect on improving parents' mental health and children's financial literacy, and improving parents' mental health has a positive effect on children's financial literacy. Also, improving the mental health of parents plays a mediating role in the relationship between children's financial thinking and participation in family finances and children's financial literacy.